Within days of November's exhibition launch, Islamic fundamentalists had shoved
Suwage to the forefront of their struggle to redefine Indonesia by descending
on the biennale, forcing its closure and demanding prosecutions. At first
police claimed his work blasphemed the story of Adam and Eve, then last week
they told Suwage he faced five years in jail for producing pornography.
The same groups staging violent demonstrations against the West over cartoons
of the prophet Muhammad are targeting pornography in their battle to transform
Indonesia into a strict Islamic nation. And they are winning: parliament is set
to introduce a sweeping anti-pornography law.
Expected to be passed by June, the law imposes a rigid social template; couples
who kiss in public will face up to five years' jail, as would anyone flaunting
a "sensual body part" - including their navel - and tight clothing will be
outlawed.
Most women's groups are horrified, entertainment industries believe it could
destroy them and Bali's embattled tourism authorities are alarmed at the
prospect of sunbathing tourists being arrested.
Mainstream Islamic organisations are warning of moral decay and backing the
bill, while politicians, wary of alienating Indonesia's Muslim majority, are
condoning the growing anti-porn movement.
Plans to introduce Playboy's soft porn to the Indonesian market next month have
become another focus of rowdy demonstrations, with protesters portraying the
magazine as a symbol of the decadent West's attack on Islam. Playboy's
publishers are proposing a bizarre compromise, no naked women will be featured
- Indonesians, at least, will be able to say they only buy it for the articles.
In Jakarta, police have seized hundreds of thousands of "erotic" magazines -
including FHM and Rolling Stone - and DVDs, after an edict from police chief
Sutanto to "eradicate pornography".
The Islamic Defenders Front spearheads the anti-porn protests. It took two days
to track down its leader, Habib Riziek, this week - he was at police
headquarters, seeking information about "his men" arrested for allegedly
attacking the US embassy in Jakarta last week. Porn, including artworks such as
Suwage's, contributes to moral delinquency, Riziek claims. "We don't care about
the technicality of the picture," he says. "What we care is that the picture is
publicly exhibited and it is pornography and it would damage morals." Suwage
believes his work captured attention because one of the models, Anjasmara, is a
popular soapie star. The two models, photographer Davy Linggar and the curator
of the biennale, Jim Supangkat, are also facing criminal charges.
Suwage is increasingly bitter about Supangkat's reaction to the protest. After
hundreds of demonstrators arrived at the exhibition, a panicked Supangkat
ordered the offending panels to be covered with white cloth. Other artists
draped their own works in solidarity and Supangkat closed the biennale,
permanently.
Suwage believes his prosecution is linked to pressure to pass the anti-porn law
and the desire of fundamentalists to impose Islamic rule on Indonesia. Suwage,
who is afraid of prison, says he is determined to fight.
Based at a small cafe gallery in Jakarta's backpacker precinct, Suwage and a
motley collective or artists are mobilising against the new law. "From this
case, we make a manifesto for art against the pornography bill. It's very
dangerous for freedom of expression but it also threatens other aspects of
society." Riziek remains emphatic the bill is essential to "guard the nation's
morality" against pornography, which extends past explicit photographs to
"anything that could arouse sexual desire".
Balkan Kaplale heads the parliamentary committee finalising the pornography
bill and is confident it will become law this year.
It would halt the publication of magazines such as Playboy, he says. " Playboy
would place a time bomb in Indonesia, what guarantee is there it would not
arrive in the hands of our children? Playboy is American magazine. Please,
don't play this game with Indonesians, we have dignity."
Indonesians also have sensuality, says leading feminist and university
professor Gadis Arriva. "Women here have always dressed sexily and in tight
clothes, this law is something very alien to us, we have barebreasted women in
Bali and Papua, this is part of our culture."
In Bali, the head of the government's tourism authority, Gede Nurjaya, agrees.
Traditional Balinese art and dance could become illegal, he believes. He is
concerned prohibitions against kissing and revealing bodies could be imposed
against foreigners, destroying Bali's faltering tourism industry.
Arriva says most women's groups oppose the bill. "Most of it restricts women,
what they wear, how they act. It even creates a board that would go around
monitoring women's behaviour."
The new law would also gag a flourishing emergence of young female writers, who
write openly about sexuality. "It states it is illegal to express any sexual
desire, even imagine sex - how do you prove that?" asks Arriva.
She sees the anti-porn movement as part of an agenda to reshape Indonesia, with
pornography a symbol of Western culture to the many Muslims who believe
globalisation aims to destroy their culture. Adrian Vickers, Professor of Asian
Studies at the University of Wollongong, agrees the debate is "part of whipping
up a moral panic about Western decadence eroding Indonesian culture and
morality", with the potential to push Indonesia towards an Islamic state.
"Given anxieties about terrorism, a more Islamic Indonesia could see Australia
very much as the enemy," he warns.
A closed society looms, says Suwage. "There would be no freedom, it will have a
big impact for us, for artists, but it will go everywhere. I don't believe a
picture can change a person's morality. Morality starts from the individual,
from inside, not from dogma."
Sydney Morning Herald
